The Holonic Revolution: Holons, Holarchies and Holonic Networks

The Holonic Revolution: Holons, Holarchies and Holonic Networks:The Ghost in the Production Machine 
Publisher: Pavia University Press | ISBN: 8896764009 | edition 2009 | PDF | 127 pages | 3,3 mb

Koestler’s idea is clear and simple: in observing the Universe surrounding us (at the physical and biological level and in the real or formal sense) we must take into account the whole/part relationship between observed “entities”. In other words, we must not only consider atoms, molecules, cells, individuals, systems, words or concepts as autonomous and independent units, but we must always be aware that each of these units is at the same time a whole – composed of smaller parts – and part of a larger whole. In fact, they are holons.


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